Laparoscopic radical cystectomy with orthotopic ileal neobladder in the treatment of invasive bladder cancer / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the technique and outcomes of laparoscopic radical cystectomy (LRC) and evaluate the efficacy of the urinary reservoir constructed with ileum in patients with invasive bladder cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From 2005 - 2010, A total of 11 patients with bladder cancer were enrolled in this study. Laparoscopy was performed with 5 trocars. Urodynamic examination was performed, the function of upper urinary tract was tested, and complications were evaluated in all the eleven cases.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean operation time was 420 minutes (ranged 350 to 490 min) and mean blood loss was 410 ml (ranged 300 to 700 ml). Ten of the 11 patients had complete continence, and one case had incontinence. The average flow rate was 11.5 ml/s. The first pressure of the reservoir was 29 cm H2O, and the maximum pressure was 36 cm H2O. The average capacity was 162 ml and 410 ml, respectively. The outlet pressure was 49 cm H2O. The volume of residual urine was 0 - 35 ml. No evidence of ureteral reflux was noted.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Laparoscopic radical cystectomy is a promising method for the treatment of bladder cancer. Orthotopic ileal neobladder is considered as an ideal form of urinary diversion characterized with low pressure, larger capacity and continence.</p>

Effect of dihydrotestosterone on the transcriptions and expressions of Smad3 and Smad4 in LNCaP cell line / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) on the gene transcriptions and expressions of Smad3 and Smad4 in androgen dependent prostate cancer cell line LNCaP, and whether this effect can be suppressed by the androgen receptor inhibitor flutamide.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The androgen dependent prostate cancer cell line LNCaP was cultured in RPMI 1640 medium and treated with different concentrations of DHT(2, 10, 50 nmol/L) and flutamide (100 nmol/L). Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) was used to detect the mRNAs of Smad3 and Smad4. The expressions of Smad3 and Smad4 protein were detected by Western blot assay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the control group without any DHT or flutamide, higher concentration(10, 50 nmol/L) of DHT enhanced the transcription of Smad3 mRNA (P <0.05). Serial concentrations of DHT increased the expression of Smad3 protein(P < 0.05). Flutamide inhibited the up-regulation of both Smad3 mRNA transcription and expression significantly (P <0.05). 10 nmol/L DHT significantly suppressed the transcription of Smad4 (P <0.05). There was considerable suppressions of Smad4 expression at the presence of DHT in different concentrations (P < 0.05). And the degree of this suppression was more significant than that of DHT on Smad4 mRNA transcription. Flutamide inhibited the suppressive effects of DHT on both Smad4 mRNA transcription and expression.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>DHT can enhance the transcription and expression of Smad3, while it decreases the transcription and expression of Smad4 in LNCaP cell line. There is a possible crosstalk between the AR signal and TGF-beta signal passways at the level of Smads.</p>